NAEP Mathematics Content Strand 4

Image of a bullet. Subtopic can be assessed at this grade level.
Image of a triangle. Subtopic should not be assessed at this grade level.
Image of a pound sign. Subtopic may be introduced at a simple level
(such as using a manipulative or pictorial model).

Grade
Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability  4   8   12 
1. Read, interpret, and make predictions using tables and graphs
a. Read and interpret data Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
b. Solve problems by estimating and computing with data Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
c. Interpolate or extrapolate from data Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
2. Organize and display data and make inferences
a. Use tables, histograms (bar graphs), pictograms, and line graphs Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
b. Use circle graphs and scattergrams Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
c. Use stem-and-leaf plots and box-and-whisker plots Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
d. Make decisions about outliers Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
3. Understand and apply sampling, randomness, and bias in data collection
a. Given a situation, identify sources of sampling error Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
b. Describe a procedure for selecting an unbiased sample Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
c. Make generalizations based on sample results Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
4. Describe measures of central tendency and dispersion in real-world situations Image of a pound sign. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
5. Use measures of central tendency, correlation, dispersion, and shapes of distributions to describe statistical relationships
a. Use standard deviation and variance Image of a triangle. Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet.
b. Use the standard normal distribution Image of a triangle. Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet.
c. Make predictions and decisions involving correlation Image of a triangle. Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet.
6. Understand and reason about the use and misuse of statistics in our society
a. Given certain situations and reported results, identify faulty
    arguments or misleading presentations of the data		 Image of a pound sign. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
b. Appropriately apply statistics to real-world situations Image of a pound sign. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
7. Fit a line or curve to a set of data and use this line or curve to make predictions about the data, using frequency distributions where appropriate Image of a triangle. Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet.
8. Design a statistical experiment to study a problem and communicate the outcomes Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
9. Use basic concepts, trees, and formulas for combinations, permutations, and other counting techniques to determine the number of ways an event can occur Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
10. Determine the probability of a simple event
a. Estimate probabilities by use of simulations Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
b. Use sample spaces and the definition of probability to describe
    events		 Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
c. Describe and make predictions about expected outcomes Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
11. Apply the basic concept of probability to real-world situations
a. Use probabilistic thinking informally Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
b. Use probability related to independent and dependent events Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet. Image of a bullet.
c. Use probability related to simple and compound events Image of a triangle. Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet.
d. Use conditional probability Image of a triangle. Image of a triangle. Image of a bullet.

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Mathematics Framework for the 2003 National Assessment of Educational Progress